Us8088184b2 high flash point additives for treating. The petroleum industry and fuel safety analysts often rely on the measured flash point to rank the explosion hazards of different fuels. Some critical discussions on flash and fire points of liquid fuels. Jp4 was a mixture of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. Us2077653a1 high flash point additives for treating. Accurate determination of vapor pressure of both automotive and aviation gasoline. The precision of inuse lubricating oils has not been determined.
Flash points of hydrocarbons and petroleum products. Determination of flash point of petroleum fuel blends. Our integrated supply chain enables the delivery of highquality fuels in a safe and timely manner. In this work, a set of computationally efficient, yet accurate, methods to predict flash points of fuel mixtures based solely on their chemical structures and mole fractions was developed. Autoignition temperature and flash point hydrocarbons. Flash point and chemical composition of aviation kerosene.
Pre flash point, flash point, fire point, vapor pressure, lower. Defined as the lowest temperature of a liquid at which its vapors will form a combustible mixture with air, flash point is a convenient and reliable classification of flammability for numerous petroleum liquids and related substances. Safety data sheet product name synonyms emergency telephone number section 1. Autoignition temperature measurements require more interpretation. Flammable liquids are readily ignited with a spark or match, while combustible materials are not as reactive. The flash point of hydrocarbons and petroleum mixtures is important safetyrelated data for processing and handling of these materials.
We use the results of headspace gas chromatography carried out. Us2077653a1 us12240,993 us24099308a us2010077653a1 us 2077653 a1 us2077653 a1 us 2077653a1 us 24099308 a us24099308 a us 24099308a us 2010077653 a1 us2010077653 a1 us 2010077653a1 authority us united states prior art keywords composition flash point fuel particles high flash prior art date 20080929 legal status the legal status is an. Preliminary study of protection against fire in lowflashpoint fuel diva. Temperature at and above which a liquid gives off enough flammable vapor to form a mixture with air that can be ignited by contact with a hot surface, spark, or flame. Originally established in 1931, herzog has a comprehensive line of laboratory instruments for testing atmospheric and vacuum distillation, flash point, vapor pressure, bitumen properties, cold flow properties, viscosity and other physical properties of materials. Some critical discussions on flash and fire points of liquid fuels hiroki ishida and akira iwama institute of space and astronautical science 461,komaba, meguroku,tokyo, 153, japan keywords. The flash point of hydrocarbons and petroleum mixtures is important safetyrelated. In this paper, experimentally measured data on flash points of about 140 pure hydrocarbons and petroleum fractions were collected and used to evaluate existing methods for prediction of these data available in the literature. Pdf flash points and volatility characteristics of gasolinediesel. The automatic closed cup flash point tester autoflash170 measures the flash.
Gasoline and other light fuels can ignite under most ambient conditions and. The flash point of any oil is defined as the lowest temperature at which it forms vapors and produces combustible mixture with air. Pour point the pour point of a fuel is the lowest temperature at which it will pour or flow when cooled under prescribed. Astm d6450, d7094 and ip 620 are inherently safe flash point methods eliminating any fire hazard from your lab. Astm d9318 standard test methods for flash point by. The vapour must be exposed to a heat source at or above its autoignition temperature which is the minimum temperature required to ignite a gas or vapour in air without a spark or flame being present. Hydrocarbon liquids such as fuels and oils are composed of more than. Flash point tester automated abel flash point tester. The flash point is an indication of how easy a chemical may burn. The lowest temperature at which the vapor will ignite is the fuel s flash point. The flash point of diesel fuel refers to the minimum temperature at which the fuel gives the vapor for forming a combustible mixture with the air. Laboratory flashpoint measurements provide useful information regarding the temperature at which a fluid may release enough vapor to sustain a flame in ideal conditions.
We report the results of liquid characterization by two different laboratories. The effect of pressure on the flash point fp of various fuels methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, nhexane, noctane, benzene, toluene and their binary ethanolacetone, ethanolnoctane, methanolhexane mixtures has been quantified. When the pressure differs from 760 mm hg, correct the flash or fire point, or both, by means of the following equations. Some critical discussions on flash and fire points of. The lowest temperature at which the vapor will ignite is the fuels flash point. Two approaches were tested using data obtained from the existing literature. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.
The flash point is not the temperature at which the vapour will spontaneously ignite. Prediction of flash points for fuel mixtures using machine. C auto ignition temp acetaldehyde 40 4 60 1008 1451 2660 20 diethyl ether 40 1. The lower the flash point, the easier it is to ignite the material. This document does not purport to address all of the safety and health considerations that can be associated with its use. There is a broad range of flash points for oils and petroleum products, many of which are considered flammable, especially when fresh. Flash point the flash point of a fuel is the lowest temperature at which the fuel can be heated so that the vapour gives off flashes momentarily when an open flame is passed over it. We started with one truck and now we are up to 3 trucks and 3 drivers. Alabdullah and others published flash points and volatility characteristics of gasolinediesel blends find, read. Flash point, the lowest temperature at which a liquid usually a petroleum product will form a vapour in the air near its surface that will flash, or briefly ignite, on exposure to an open flame. Temperature classification of equipment in hazardous areas are related to surrounding substances auto ignition temperature.
Materials with higher flash points are less flammable or. The cetane number see page 4 of the fuel defines its ignition quality. The pressure increase in the closed cup following the ignition is used for the detection of the flash point. Observe and record the barometric pressure at the time of the test. The flash point of a volatile material is the lowest temperature at which its vapours ignite if given. The international code of safety for ships using gas or other lowflashpoint fuels igf code was developed to provide an international standard for ships, using low flashpoint fuels other than those ships covered by the igc code. We started from scratch with just two business partners.
Abstract the relationship between chemical composition. Flash point is an attribute associated with events far more ferocious and destructive than a simple flash of light. Flash point flash point is the lowest temperature at which a liquid can form an ignitable mixture in air near the surface of the liquid. The flash point of an oil is the temperature at which the liquid gives off sufficient vapors to ignite upon exposure to an open flame. For example, gasoline has a flash point of 40 degrees c 40 f and is more flammable than ethylene glycol which has a flash point of 111. The flash point of a chemical substance is the lowest temperature where enough fluid can evaporate to form a combustible concentration of gas. The flash point is a descriptive characteristic that is used to distinguish between flammable fuels, such as petrol gasoline in the us, and combustible fuels, such as diesel it is also used to characterize the fire hazards of fuels. Standard test method for calculated flash point from. Common test methods of determining flash point include penskymarten closed tester astm d9379, setaflash closed. The flash point is a general indication of the flammability or combustibility of a liquid. Preflash point, flash point, fire point, vapor pressure, lower flammability limit, raoults law, clausiusclapeyrons law. It has been found that the fp significantly decreases with decreasing pressure from 10 atm up to 0.
In short, the flashpoint gives you an idea about the amount of low boiling fraction present in the liquid fuel, the volatility. The flash point of oil is the temperature at which the vapor over the liquid will. The flash and fire points of a liquid fuel specimen are the indicators of its flammability. Flashpoint of marine distillate oil fuels 1 executive summary 6 1. Selfignition temperatures of combustible liquids nvlpubsnistgov. It is also when the fuel ignites on the application of the test flame. Materials with higher flash points are less flammable or hazardous than chemicals with lower flash points. In general, flash point is the lowest temperature of the test. It was a flammable transparent liquid with clear or straw color, and a kerosenelike smell. Expired fee related, expires 20291129 application number us12240,993 other versions.
The flash point of a volatile material is the lowest temperature needed to evaporate enough fluid to form a combustible concentration of gas. Flash point and autoignition temperatures of common vehicle fluids. We report the results of liquid characterization by two dif. The whole fuel handling system, including tanks and pipes, should be heated to a temperance at least 10i5 0 c above the pour point. F jaa jet a with additives air force with support from dla energy is moving toward eliminating the use of jp8 at conus military installations and replacing it with jet a fuel that is additized at the point of use this effort is to reduce the price ofat the point of use. The flash point is defined as the lowest temperature at which an oil give off combustible vapours or the point at which an airoil vapour mixture can be ignited by a flame or spark. The value computed from the equation is termed the calculated flash point. Ultralow sulfur diesel ulsd fuel technology while ulsd fuel has many benefits, there are some challenges associated with its use. They have both been in the fuel business for over 30 years each. Preflash point, flash point, fire point, vapor pressure, lower. It is the responsibility of the users of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of. Flash point properties at elevated temperatures, diesel fuel will begin to vaporize and become ignitable with an open flame. Effect of pressure on the flash point of various fuels and. The higher flash point temperature is always desirable.
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